Feigning Madness Or Truly Insane - 1173 Words

Aubrey Booker Mrs. Hopkins English IV-AP 7 May 2015 Feigning Madness or Truly Insane? In Shakespeare’s Hamlet each of the characters face many trials and tribulations throughout the play. Hamlet, the main character, suffers the most. While Hamlet deals with all of the problems he faces, he becomes mentally unstable. Some believe that Hamlet just feigned madness while others believe that he actually became insane. Hamlet began to face insanity after the marriage of his mother and uncle and his problems only became worse which leads to Hamlet truly becoming insane. The first problem in the play occurs when a ghost begins showing up at the castle. At the beginning of the play two guards stand outside of the castle speaking of a ghost they had seen twice before â€Å"this dreaded sight twice seen of us† (1.1.25). Horatio, a scholar, stands with the men when the ghost comes by again and Marcellus, a guard, says to Horatio â€Å"Thou art a scholar; speak to it Horatio† (1.1.42). After failed attempts at speaking with th e ghost, it leaves and Horatio contemplates whose ghost it could have been. Marcellus asks Horatio â€Å"Is it not like the king?† (1.1.58) to which Horatio agrees and points out that the ghost wore the very armor the late King wore to battle with Norway. Horatio knew that he should consult Prince Hamlet about the appearance of the late King Hamlet’s ghost as perhaps he will know what to do. Claudius, brother to the late King, announces that he has married his brother’s wifeShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"ThereS A Fine Line Between Genius And Insanity. I Have1280 Words   |  6 Pageswas murdered and that revenge must be sought, or he must remain in purgatory. Hamlet then vowed to fulfill his father’s wish while also feigning madness so that no other could determine his intentions to kill the man that was then king. On his path to take revenge on the king, Ophelia was driven into true insanity which greatly contrasts his own feign of madness. Many have believed t hat Hamlet’s faked insanity became true, but much of what was seen as insanity was that of genius. Not only was HamletRead MoreTheme Of Deception In Hamlet923 Words   |  4 PagesCharacters such as Hamlet, Polonius, and Claudius all use various tactics to manipulate and gain information from others, either through feigning insanity, spying, or through political maneuvering. All of which ended in their demise. The most obvious case is perpetrated by the play’s main character, Hamlet. Throughout the play, Hamlet intentionally appears insane to the other characters, at times even blurring the lines for the audience. Some events including all of his soliloquies, where he understoodRead More The Genius of Hamlet, the Very Sane Prince of Denmark Essay example2446 Words   |  10 Pagesingenious, Prince Hamlet falls into a state of emotional turmoil, but he is never insane. Hamlet feigns madness to reveal his anguish concerning the two women he used to love - his mother Gertrude and his lover Ophelia. To escape estrangement from his countrymen, Hamlet appears to waver between madness and sanity. And, to avoid moral estrangement, the Prince plans on revenging his fathers death under the guise of madness. There is no question that Hamlet feigns insanity, and he does so to voice hisRead MoreThe Mind of the Mad: Analysis of Hamlet1552 Words   |  7 PagesMad What is it to be mad? Is it related to something of biological background? Or is it to do with the complex breakdown of one’s emotions? Or is it both? These questions are important to keep in mind when understanding whether Hamlet is truly mad or feigning madness as part of his ‘plan’ in which Shakespeare builds up throughout the play. This relates to the second aspect which must also be looked at when comprehending the fictional play Hamlet. This aspect is the certain ‘key’ events that take placeRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1650 Words   |  7 Pages What is madness? Is someone considered mad or insane simply because they are different, and they, in turn, see the rest of the world as insane? William Shakespeare s play Hamlet is about a complex protagonist, Hamlet, who plays the role of a tragic hero. He encounters several misfortunes from experiencing his beloved father’s death, witnessing his mother s incestuous remarriage to his uncle, and seeing his father’s ghost. Due to all of this, Hamlet falls into a deep depression. Hamlet begins hisRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pageswhether Hamlet s â€Å"madness† is sincere or if he is simply a fake. However there is evidence in order to support one side of this debate. The answer simply lies in the actor s performance. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, it is clearly evident Prince Hamlet is feigning madness in an effort to outsmart his enemies and avenge his father’s murder. Hamlet is distinctly pretending to have lost a grip on his own life. â€Å"There need be no doubt, then, that Hamlet s madness was really feigned†Read MoreHamlets Existential Crisis1429 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the play, Hamlet feigns madness in order to trick Claudius and his goons (namely Polonius, because of his eavesdropping problem). The way in which Hamlet goes about this is very existential in nature. He has the ability to fake madness, yet he also has the ability to actually go insane, as do most people. But what separates him from the rest is the fact that he can say no. He can say no to truly becoming mad while feigning the same sort of madness. It seems as if Hamlet had found strengthRead MoreHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pagesfact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to find that it may be interesting take out of the play any moment in which Hamlet makes the audience aware that he is only pretending that to be mad. I want to take out any proof that his madness isn’t realRead MoreEssay on Hamlet As A Madman1396 Words   |  6 Pagesfascinating man. A philosopher and a fencer, he is a man disgusted with the rottenness of life around him and is obligated to set things right. Under the guise of madness he attempts to achieve his ends; yet there is much to puzzle over. Was Hamlet really such a good actor that he could fool everyone into believing in his madness or was he truly mad? And, why did he wait so long to carry out his revenge? Hamlet thinks too much and this drove him to an insanity that was not feigned. amp;#8220;amp;#8230;Read MoreInsane Characters In Edgar Allan Poe And The Shining By Stephen King1569 Words   |  7 PagesDrawn to the Unknown Insane characters add a thrilling and exciting twist on stories such as Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe and The Shining by Stephen King. There is something that appeals to people about a character that goes completely crazy and then does some rash things as a result of his or her insanity. The reason that people are attracted to characters that go completely out of their mind is because no one knows how to predict what is going to happen next. Many people find situations

Effects Of Anorexia Nervosa On Adolescents - 958 Words

America is a society obsessed with focusing on weight, as we should be since we have the highest obesity rates in the world. However, damaging things can occur from this obsession with maintaining the ideal weight and demanding to be thin. This is a crisis for adolescents especially since they are in a state of imaginary audience which causes them to be extremely self conscious (Beck, Myer). With the constant fear of being judged many will develop eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. Psychology Today reports that â€Å"Eating disorders were reported to be the third most common illness classified as ‘chronic’ for adolescents in 2000†. All of these disorders can be life threatening to adolescents especially since South Carolina Department of Mental Health found that, â€Å"95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25†, with anorexia nervosa being extremely popular among those ages. Anorexia nervosa causes one to starve thems elves out of fear of becoming overweight (Beck, Myer). This disorder is a serious mental health issue that mainly affects girls and women. In fact, The National Eating Disorder Association (NEDA) found that, â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses in young women and has one of the highest death rates of any mental health condition.† This would make sense since many companies show models that are unrealistically thin and romanticizes the effects of losing ample amounts of weight. In addition, anorexiaShow MoreRelatedEffect of Television Media on Body Image in Adolescent Girls Diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa.2866 Words   |  12 PagesEffect of Television Media on Body Image in Adolescent Girls diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa. Research has continually revealed that television media has had an impact on viewers, however, more specifically studies have indicated that the adolescent has been most impacted especially the population that are diagnosed with eating disorders. In particular, this study will examine the adolescent population diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa usually begins with the adolescent experiencingRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1493 Words   |  6 Pages408 Hernandez Illness Paper – Anorexia Nervosa February 28, 2016 According to the Mayo Clinic (2016), eating disorders are â€Å"conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in important areas of life.† One such eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Not to be confused with anorexia, which is simply a general loss of appetite that can be attributed to many medical ailments, anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorderRead MoreEssay Eating Disorders in Adolescents1302 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders in Adolescents The eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are complex psychosomatic illnesses. Underlying biological diatheses related to the regulation of mood, hunger, satiety, weight control, and metabolism, combined with psychological and sociocultural vulnerabilities, place an individual at risk for developing an eating disorder (Kaplan and Garfinkel, 1993). The American Anorexia Nervosa Association defines anorexia as a ‘serious illness ofRead MoreEating Disorders Are Affecting Adolescents With Increasing Frequency967 Words   |  4 Pagesillnesses that are affecting adolescents with increasing frequency [1]. They rank as the third most common chronic illness in adolescent females, with an incidence of up to 5% 1, 2 and 3. Three major subgroups are recognized: a restrictive form in which food intake is severely limited (anorexia nervosa); a bulimic form in which binge-eating episodes are followed by attempts to minimize the effects of overeating via vomiting, catharsis, exercise, or fasting (bulimia nervosa); and a third group in whichRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1205 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorders: psychological, interpersonal, social, and biological. I am going to talk about three specific eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). Keep in mind that there could be other eating disorders out there that are not found and classified just yet (Lehigh University). Describe the Problem Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder How Common are Eating Disorders? There are so many statistics regarding eating disorders. In generalRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa1653 Words   |  7 PagesAnorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is one of several subtypes descending from feeding and eating disorders. It is a crippling life-threatening condition marked by a patient placing restriction on energy intake relative to needed energy requirements, resulting in a relentless pursuit of low body weight in the context of age, sex, development and physical health. According to American Psychiatric Publishing of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa, often timesRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Its Effects On Society1514 Words   |  7 Pagespeople are currently suffering from Anorexia. Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which people suffering drastically restrict food intake due to an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. There has been an unfortunate increase in people suffering from Anorexia Nervosa over the past several decades. Anorexia can be caused by a combination of social, interpersonal, and psychological factors that must be resolved through treatment. Anorexia is an extremely dangerous disorderRead MoreAnorexia Nervos Causes And Symptoms1178 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia Nervosa is an eating disordering that could be life threatening which reduces the appetite and causes reluctant of eating. This is a disease which is known to be caused by environmental, biological and psychological factors. An individual who has anorexia usually would be seen to have a distort body image and a fear of becoming over weight. Schoemaker. C (2004) suggests that â€Å"350 individuals of every million suffer Anorexia Nervosa at the age of 11 to 15.†1 This demonstrates that there isRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Psychological And Physical Causes And Consequences Of Anorexia930 Words   |  4 Pagespeople with anorexia are related to at least one person with the disorder. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with mainly adolescent victims. Different studies have been able to identify some of the psychological and ph ysical causes and consequences of anorexia. Many people dismiss anorexia nervosa as a short-lived adolescent disorder, but most do not realize the disease’s long-lasting implications on health and how crucial it is to seek treatment. The UMMC (2016) defines anorexia nervosa as, â€Å"anRead MoreEating Disorders And Young Women1674 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens suffer from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating, as well as eating disorders that are not otherwise specified (EDNOS). The most worrying concern nonetheless, is the fact that close to 90% of those suffering from eating disorders are adolescents and young women, the former who are routinely regarded as one of the most active segments of the population (Dancyger et al., 2014). The high incidence within adolescents and young women should note be taken to denote

Bad Cafeteria FoodFinal Free Essays

However, this only my opinion bout how feel about public school nutrition, but I will get more in-depth with this issue later in this research. The History Poor nutrition has been a problem for years in the public school system and contributing to childhood obesity. Before childhood obesity became an issue and what kind of nutrition a child was receiving from outside the home, people would come home from school/work to have lunch with their family. We will write a custom essay sample on Bad Cafeteria FoodFinal or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the concept of cafeteria school lunch choice did not exist in the early years (1930-1960). While time continued to move forward, the ideal of installing vending machines begin to emerge in a few public schools. Cafeteria’s today lean more towards federal nutritional recommendations, regional culinary preferences, and portion sizes to cut down on food cost for that particular school district. The question often comes up â€Å"how health is cafeteria food in public schools? † There are numerous factors that points to the fact there is unhealthy eating in school. However when the food is prepared, the cafeteria has a large crowd to feed, therefore; nutrition is their least worries. I think that the school system wouldn’t spend the extra money on better nutrition foods for the students. In recent surrey, taste cost and convenience were the main factors in why students choose to eat this unhealthy food. Environmental Stance From an environmental prospective, most public school systems are reaching out to local farmers and producers for their products. By getting their products from local farmers and producers, this will cut down on cost and slow down global warming through transportation. The public schools that continue to outsource their products, it has a high chance of bringing in parasites and other insects. I think school food environment plays a huge role in society and contributes to childhood obesity. There a many health risks that is associated with childhood obesity. The school cafeterias allow the students to purchase junk food and extras doing lunch hours. Although the students make a big transition from grade level to a higher grade level, their appetite gets bigger and requires more food consumptions. As the student gets older, they will become more particular on what they want to put in their body, and without the practice of eating healthy, this could promote health risks. This exemplifies that practicing eating healthy can contribute to an ongoing healthy lifestyle. What Can Be Done? I think that I have concluded that cafeteria food is unhealthy for students in public schools. However, think this could be change with the correct steps and strong support from the parents and staff. Once the correct changes have been put into place, I think the public school system could also promote a healthy eating lifestyle. So now the question is â€Å"what is the solution to this problem? † Finding a Solution We know that cafeteria food is bad for the students in the public school systems and the contribution to childhood obesity. The Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, set nutrition standards for all food served in schools (school Nutrition†) to promote an early healthy lifestyle. However, since the problem has been revealed, the next thing to do is to put in a solution and advantages. There are a few options that I will discuss later during this research on different solutions that may prevent this ongoing problem. Hunger-Free The Hunger-Free Act of 201 0 improved the health of 32 million children that ate school lunches the whole time during their enrollment. (school Nutrition†) A lot of these improvements came from shrinking the meal size that the students were receiving. For example, some schools offered the students fruits instead of extra meats. The government released new changes in the duration such as, low calories meals and whole grain breads. Because of the government stepping in, a campaign was put in place to reduce the number of overweight students through exercise and a healthier lifestyle. Advantages From a political stand point, the government has organized programs to help the growing problem of childhood obesity as I stated earlier. The program will add more fruits and green vegetables to breakfast and lunches with less salt usage. (school Nutrition†) Therefore, the government also added to reduced starchy foods like rice and potatoes. The government estimates that the rules will add about 33. Billion in costs to the program for an efficient use. (â€Å"Cafeteria Food and Economic†) think that the improvements that the government is doing will decrease the rapid rate of childhood obesity. From our perspective, the new rules improve school nutrition, but at the same time give schools flexibility to serve a variety of foods to meet the standards,† said Carrey Henry. Some school districts are turning to their local farmers and producers to cut down on global warming. This is an advantage because, by getting the products locally the gas usage that is use doing shipping and which toxic chemicals are been release into the atmosphere. Another advantage is that there will be fewer chemicals used to preserve the produce as it’s been shipped to the school. An estimated 25 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions produced by people in industrialized nations can be traced to the food they eat Cafeteria Food and Global Warming’ 2008). I think that this is a reasonable solution to help the environment while food is being disbursed throughout the school system. School meal programs across the country are run somewhat like restaurants, relying on federal and state subsidies that often make decisions for them. â€Å"Cafeteria Food and Economic†) However, when the federal government is involved more money can be moved around quickly and put to its proper use or plans. The federal government provides $2. 7 per meal for students eligible for a reduced-price lunch and 23 cents for students who pay full-price for their lunch. By lowering the price for meals, I think that will the student more money to eat a reimbursable lunch and breakfast during enrollment in school. The federal government helps the school system by providing funds a nd brightens up the economic side of things. Finding a Weakness There are many things that could be done to improve the food that’s being served of the public school cafeterias. However, there are only so many ideals that can be brought up to a discussion about ways to make the food healthier. The federal government tends to oversee these things in the public systems, but its up to the student parents to enforce these rules and make sure their kids are getting the proper nutrition. Therefore, if there are some advantages, I am quite sure that there are some disadvantages among these solutions. The Disadvantage When you hear the word â€Å"disadvantage† what is the first thing that comes to our mind? However, school cafeteria food line may contain a number of unhealthy choices, most school cafeterias do include nutritious foods as well. I think most of the unhealthy food that is provided by the school, operates of the government budget which equals poor quality food for the students that attend that particular school district. Earlier in this research, I stated a few advantages that I feel may guide this situation in the correct direction. I hope that the disadvantages that I will state later in this research will not change your thoughts on the advantages. Stated Di sadvantages Obesity is rising in the school system because of the poor nutrition that the students are receiving. Economy sits and psychologists are developing a new set of tools that promise to help relax the tension between these two competing views of school lunches. (â€Å"Cafeteria Food and Disadvantages†) However, one economic disadvantage is limited budgets for purchasing ingredients that go into a meal. Public schools are in the direst shape with only $1 per plate available for actual food costs. (â€Å"Cafeteria Food and Disadvantages†) By the school being limited on what ingredients to by, that old be a disadvantage to supplying poor nutrition to students. How to cite Bad Cafeteria FoodFinal, Papers

Death Of A Salesman Essay Example For Students

Death Of A Salesman Essay Topic: Willy constantly laments about how things had changed from the time they built the house to now, when things have become completely modern/urban. Hypothesis: The actual physical changes that take place in the environment and the surroundings are synonymous of the changes that take place in the Loman family. 1) Social changes a) During the World War II era b) Willys family used to be a happy family filled with joy whereas now the whole family split and has many problems. Biff and Willy do not get along, this is due to many factors but the most is that Willy had a relationship with another woman in Boston, hiding it from his mother. Before, Willy had a strong relationship with his sons, where they always believed in his views and thought that he was a very successful person. 2) Economical changes a) During the time of the Great Depression b) Before, Willy used to be a good salesman who could afford to buy a house in the countryside where it was free of pollution, although he did use a large loan, whereas now it is quite the opposite. He still didnt repay all of his loans. He has to constantly take money from his good friend Charlie every week. He got fired from his job and has failed to give his family a good future. Both Biff and Happy do not have steady jobs. 3) Environmental changes a) The degradation in the physical aspects- buildings come up, less supply of air, no breeze outside. Also the similar effect of family compared to the surroundings. b) Trees have disappeared, children have also disappeared. c) Choking feeling that Willy gets because of the pollution and commercial areas surrounding the house is similar to what he feels about the family. d) Beautiful place before whereas now it is not so beautiful, this refers to how his family was perfect before and now its completely out of place. Presentation: Good morning everyone, as all of you may know, Arthur Miller wrote this book with a setting duringthe post-Great Depression era. This has a wide range of effects on the social and economical crisis going on at the time. He also refers to when Willy first bought his house, it was during a time of great economical and social growth and relief where one need not worry about the war or the financial situations as it was during a time of peace and a well-balanced economy throughout America. There are many physical changes that took place from the time when Willy first moved into the house compared to when he is an old man. Before, it used to be in a luxurious countryside, which only the people in the upper class could afford to buy land in the area. Now, it is in the center of the city, packed with high buildings. This same thing has a similar effect on the family, as it does to the house. Before, everything was so peaceful and calm, it was like a living a dream. Now, because it is surrou nded by buildings and there is barely any room to move about through the whole area, it is not an ideal location to live in. As this is an effect to the surroundings, the family also went through the same change. Before, the whole family was in harmony whereas compared to now, the family is split where both the sons have moved out of the house and Willy has become old and illogical, trying to chase a dream which is physically far out of his reach, but is still mentally intact in his mind. Another addition to the house and its environment is the degradation of trees around the area. Over the years, lots of trees have been cut down to make more room for buildings that were needed to come up along the whole area. This was due to the infrastructural advancements through the whole area. This also refers to an indirect effect on the Loman family. The quote goes as follows: As the trees have gone, the children have also disappeared. Both the sons, Biff and Happy Loman move out of the house as time progresses. The same effect is also on the trees surrounding the area as time has progressed, all the trees have vani shed from the area. Another way on how the outside area of the house has an indirect effect on the Loman family is the amount of pollution that has accumulated over the years. Lots of commercial complexes have risen in the same neighborhood which the Loman house is located and this has caused a lot of pollution within the area. Enduring Love: How satisfying are the three appendices as conclusions? EssayCharley felt that Willy hasnt seen the reality of life yet and still chooses to live in his illusions. Years have passed with this since Biffs football career has been long over and he has still yet to maintain a stable job. After coming back from the western country side to his house, Willy tells Biff to go back to Bill Oliver in search of a job. Biff used to work for him but he has done a bad deed which Mr. Oliver might keep as a grudge. Due to this, Biff was very shaky on whether he should go to Bill or not, but Willy convinces him to go in search of a job. So he decides to go meet Bill Oliver in search of a job. After meeting Bill Oliver and realizing that he didnt even remember him, Biff finally understands that his life in business is just a joke and that it was a waste of time to continue. This underlines the theme of the play as it shows how he saw his life the way he wanted to and was in his own il lusions and dreams for fifteen years until he met reality. Biff realizes now that success doesnt come easily, and that he should do what he wants in life. Biff takes Bill Olivers fountain pens while a rush of anger and confusion is going through his mind. Because Oliver didnt even recognize Biff, he had an urge to just go into his office and just take what he could to satisfy and calm himself. Biff cannot tell his father what happened with Bill Oliver because he doesnt want to disappoint him. He knows that his decision to meet Bill made Willy extremely happy, and he was ashamed as Bill Oliver wasnt even able to give him a job, yet recognize him. And even when he had tried to tell Willy any bad news, Willy would jump to conclusions and wouldnt give him the proper chance or time to let Biff explain himself. Willy wants to take the easy shortcuts to everything and has influenced his sons to do the same. Because of this, both Biff and Happy do not realize how hard each of them must work for them to become successful and therefore although both are in their 30s and their peak years probably have been over, they are still struggling for a stable job. Willy in the end does commit suicide, but he only does this for the welfare of his family. He has life insurance and his family will receive a great amount of money if he dies. In the end at his funeral, no one shows up for his funeral, although he has reputated himself to be a very popular man among everyone. All these effects show the deterioration of his family from before when the house was surrounded by a beautiful countryside to now where there is lots of pollution around the wh ole area.

Being True To Yourself When Selling Your Wares

Being True To Yourself When Selling Your Wares I do not normally sell books at events like Christmas sales at the recreation center or autumn craft festivals. I learned a long time ago that unless you simply enjoy socializing with other vendors, you rarely justify the time invested. But last week I accepted one . . . and realized why I quit doing them. Im a member of several chambers of commerce, which are great networking, advertising, and sales opportunities, Hmmm, I thought. Its twelve miles from me, costs nothing to appear and sell, and the captured audience was educators. Shouldnt they read more than the average person? So, I signed up and hauled eight boxes of books. And I sold three books in four hours. As I packed up, kicking myself for not following my own rule about being selective about appearances, I talked to a few vendors. None of us sold much (there were 25 vendors), which surprised us all (few of us will be back next year). A jewelry vendor spoke about coming to work everyday. Even working for herself out of her home, she toils for eight hours. She complained that newer sales people in her line of work wanted to work part-time to make a full-time wage. She never failed to fall back on her old skills of making eye-contact with potential buyers and working a room. She made a full-time living at her craft. A soap vendor and I spoke about natural products, organic food, and farming. She rued appearing at the event but had pretty much made her decision like I had it was too local to pass up. Shed ignored her own advice like I had. She likewise strategically selected venues, and she defined the sizes, compositions, and types of events where shed appear, because like me, she could make more sales online at her computer than at a table in an auditorium. You dont sell anywhere and everywhere. Your time is precious. You could be selling online, blogging, working social media, or writing your next story. When selecting where to set up shop, analyze the market, the time, the commute, and the work progress you give up. The cost of meals, and the time expended

All the Presidents Men essays

All the President's Men essays The biggest political scandal to ever hit the United States History was Watergate. It led directly to the reelection campaign of Nixon and unmasked a game of political spying, bribery, and the illegal use of campaign funds. Through the help of reporters of the Washington Post Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, the end result of the scandal resulted in Nixons resignation from presidency in 1974 and the indictment of nearly forty government officials. The two reporters wrote about the whole scandal, and how they solved the puzzle in All the Presidents Men. The scandal began on June 17, 1972 when a security guard notified the police that a door lock was taped at the Washingtons Watergate. Three officers responded to the call and found five burglars in suits with rubber gloves on and hundred dollar bills in sequence in their pockets. The men were actually there to adjust the bugging equiptment they had installed during a May break-in and to photograph the Democratic documents. At first the burglars seemed like every day people, but later on a 25,000-dollar check marked for Nixons campaign was deposited in a bank account of Bernard L. Barker. Barker was one of the five burglars. A Florida bank made out the check to Kenneth H. Dahlberg. Dahlberg said he turned the check over to Maurice Stans. Dahlberg said he had no idea how the check got into Barkers bank account. According to court testimony by government prosecutors, Barkers bank account in which the $25,000 check was deposited was the same account from which Barker later withdrew a large number of hundred dollar bills. About 53 of these 100-dollar bills were found on the five men after they were arrested at the Watergate. Woodward and Bernstein helped to crack the case by bringing up the mysterious $25,000 check. Soon after the $25,000 check was found, G. Gordon Liddy and James W. McCord were convicted of conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapp...

Mr Makoloyis Personal Profile and View Assignment

Mr Makoloyis Personal Profile and View - Assignment Example Mr Makoloyi says that the problems emanate from the fact that BA had persisted that the crew accept four-year pay pact. This was to see a freeze in actual pay up to 2014, something to which the crew has countered by giving the company a three-year pay cut pact. Although BA management has already rejected this. In addition, the company refused to commit to making longer the legitimacy of the industrial action ballot to let union staff members to be balloted on any suggestion from BA. Consequently, as Modlock (2010) observed, it resulted in another strike, third to be precise, ballot in five months following the rejection of BA’s proposal by cabin crew. Moreover, BA’s unwillingness to address Unite’s concerns about the impact on existing crew gave that the airline is pushing forward with its new fleet plans and especially on how the routes will be allocated among already functioning and the latest crew in the ages to come. Mr Makoloyi also observed that heightened tensions at the BA is caused by the manner in which the management relates with the employees and the stringent rules it has put forth to curb employee misbehavior like excessive drinking, and this has lowed the motivation of employees. Equally threatening an issue, related to pensions. Mr. Makoloyi explains that the announcement by the company in 2003 that it would close its ultimate remuneration scheme to all recently employed workers due to a major shortfall in the pension’s fund led to BALPA, a trade union that stands for BA pilots, threatened industrial action if the final remuneration scheme was reduced to a less generous package. The threat was approximated to have cost the company roughly eighty million pounds while the union projected that the adjustment would make a number of their members to lose 36% of their final pension. BALPA has roughly 2500 members (Modlick 2010).Mr. Makoloyi said that between 2005 and 2006, BA held mo re than 500 briefings with staff pertaining the same issue. All these negotiations with four unions yielded little given that each of these unions had their own unique issue of concern.

Death of a Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Death of a Salesman - Essay Example After this paper, we will understand the goal of Miller to depict his charges to the country to be true and blatant. Background Death of a Salesman is a powerful drama that prosecutes the fundamental American values, in relation to the American Dream of material success. It may seem a little tame today due to constant individual self-analysis and critiques but it was relatively radical in its setting. America faced irreconcilable and insightful domestic tensions after the World War II. Although the war had apparently created an extraordinary sense of prosperity and security the American people, they became progressively caught in an apprehensive cold war with the Soviets. The spread of myths about a peaceful, regular and repulsively elated American life was strengthened by America’s relentless anxiety of the concept of Communism. America in general was not able afford social conformity and that the philosophical and cultural custom – booming and Last Name 3 prosperous l iving – championed. A Tragic Hero Major part of the play is told from the viewpoint of Willy, the protagonist in the story. The background of the protagonist life is shown in the analepsis – showing scenes in the present time with some characters on the stage and conversations only Willy knows about. His habit of talking to himself, pretending to have a conversation with his older son, Biff, concerns his younger son, Happy. In the opening of Act I, it is shown that Willy contradicts has a tendency of contradicting himself. He states that his son, Biff, is unsteady and very lazy but afterwards declares that Biff is anything but lazy. In these scenes, it gives the viewers a hint that Willy is his own paradox, which could have been caused by his aspirations in life and to his sons, particularly Biff. He is torn between achieving the American Dream of material success and his love for his sons, which is further explained in the story in the succeeding Acts. In so many ways , Willy has tried with his utmost might to achieve the American Dream. He acquires a home and a range of then-luxurious appliances. He raises his family and sails forth to into the business world with ambitions in exuberance. However, he has failed to achieve the fruits of the American Dream and passes the dream to his sons. Apparently, only Happy is the one fulfilling the so-called â€Å"Dream†. Biff tries so hard to buy the concept his father sells but it seems that he can only try so hard. He hops from one job to another, making him not able to steadily keep a 9-5 job. As a result, he ends up toiling lands and ranches, working with his bare hands to make a living, which for his father, is too far from what he has grasped from America’s sales pitch of the â€Å"American Dream.† In the play, this is beautifully portrayed through its structure – stream of consciousness. Willy Last Name 4 moves from one place to another in his house, with flashbacks of his past, and fantasizes conversations with different characters in the story. If the scene is in the present, the characters enter the room through the door in the left, abiding by the rules of the set. However, when the scene is about Willy’s visit of his past or his dreams, all of these rules don’t exist. Characters pass through the walls, making a dreamy atmosphere on the stage. This shows that the mental state of Willy deteriorates and his past and present moves in parallel to each

Teams in Production and Operations Management Research Paper

Teams in Production and Operations Management - Research Paper Example ow has many brands under it developing from the Toyota AA in 1936 to a group of companies that include the Lexus, Scion, Hino Motors and Daihatsu brands today. Toyota has grown steadily throughout the years and it overtook General Motors in 2008 to become the leading global manufacturer of automobiles. In 2006, the company was announced as the most profitable in the automotive industry with its profits rising to $11 billion in that year. During this period, its market share increased with improvement in sales across the board. The most notable increase in the company sales was observed in the US. The company has many subsidiaries and the Toyota Financial Services is the most notable. The company sells finances, as well as dealing with other investment and trading ventures. Apart from the brands that the company wholly owns, it has a 51% stake in the Daihatsu brand, 5.9% in Isuzu Motors Ltd., and 16.7% in Fuji Heavy Industries a company that also manufactures Subaru vehicles. Other products include hybrid vehicles that run on gasoline and electricity, an automated parking system and economy shifting and eight speed automatic transmission ve hicles among many other inventions. Toyota has a large market share in the United States, Africa, Australia and Asia. However, the market share is relatively small in Europe. In 2005, there were 8.54 million vehicles that were produced by Toyota together with its half-owned subsidiary, Daihatsu Motors. This figure represents about 500,000 less in the number that General Motors produced in the same year. The Daihatsu conglomerate can be considered to be the fastest growing branch of the company in Southeast Asia. Considering the competition that is present in the Far East Asia countries, the company can be considered as having a very sound marketing campaign as it has a substantial market share in those countries also. Fortune Global 500 placed Toyota as the fifth largest company in the world. After the recession that was

Von Neumann Computer Architecture Information Technology Essay

Von Neumann Computer Architecture Information Technology Essay The Von Neumann Computer is a digital pc that storing the data in a single separate way and it use a processing unit. A digital computer keeps its program in instruction with its data as well. The Von Neumann Computer named after name of computer scientist John von Neumann. 5 Internal Components: Description of each components, how they are connected to Mother Board, Diagram. Hard Disk: Hard disk is a magnetic disk that allows you to store your computer data, a hard disk consist of several platters, which every individual platter is able to read and write. The hard disk is connected to the motherboard by ribbon cable (ATA66/100). Random Access Memory (RAM: It is type of computer memory but it can be accessed randomly, RAM is very fast to read than any storage device in a PC. As long as your computer is running the data store in a RAM but when the computer turns off, Ram will lose its data. The Ram connected to the motherboard by small circuit, in the motherboard there is two circuit places which is one for inline memory and the second is duel inline memory. Processor: Processor or Central Processing Unit (CPU) it is part of computer system and in easy way it is a brain of computer the job of CPU in a computer is to give a instruction for any computer program the processor is connected to the motherboard directly. Graphic Card: It is a bridge between processor and other devices to send command and gets back the signal, the Graphic Card is connected throw the expansion slot which is in the Motherboard. 5 External Components: Description, how are they connected? Eg Ports, USB, etc. Diagram. Key Board: keyboard is primary way to communicate with input; you can use the keyboard to input text and data. When we press a key, it presses a button, completing the circuit and allowing an amount of current to run through and keyboards are connected by USB cable or PS2. Mouse: mouse is device which lets you work with graphical objects that the computer displays on the screen. Mouse has one button or sometimes three buttons and it have scroll wheel that enable user to scrolling long document or webpage. The Mouse is connected by USB cable or PS2. Printer: It is a device that can print text or graphic that stored in a electronic form, and it connect to the PC by USB Port. Scanner: It is a device that scans data or any text, printed page or photo you scan it to the computer and it connected to the computer by USB Port. Monitor: A Monitor is like a television but the difference is that monitor display the information produced by a computer, basically it is a screen display of a computer and it connect VGA port in a PC or in some PC by the Video card. Task 2 Describe the characteristics of the various types of internal memory of computer: What is internal memory of computer? The internal memory of computer is also part of computer devices that recoding media that keep digital data used for computing for some interval of time. What are the major types of internal memory of computer? For each type of internal memory, explain how it works and what are its major characteristics There are types of computer internal memory which is Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). Random Access Memory (RAM): It is a temporary computer internal memory and it is a space that allows us to temporarily store data when a program is running. The contents are being lost when the computer is switched off it only holds data while power is on. There are some major types of RAM which are : Rambus DRAM (RDRAM): is a serial memory technology that arrived in three flavours, PC600, PC700, and PC800. PC800 DRAM has doubled the maximum throughput of old, but a higher speed and it use small capacitors to store each bit of memory in an addressable format that consists of rows and columns, DRAM designs with multiple channels. SIMM chips: Single in-line memory modules (SIMMs) it is a type of solid state computer memory which is used particular for the processor cache memory. The 72-pin SIMM has a notch among the contacts in the middle. An important characteristic of RAM is that the entire memory place can be accessed at almost the same speed. Read Only Memory (ROM): Is a kind of memory that store the data permanently and it cannot be removed, eventually every computer is coming with a small amount of ROM which recorded of boot firmware, when we start our computer the ROM chips will running hardware diagnostics that will loading the operating system into RAM. Cache: The cache will make our computer more skilled and better, your computer memory, cache is extremely fast memory that store data and the data is accessible quickly and it gives quickest response to the CPU. Virtual Memory: The virtual memory task was to enable a process to operate or establish the status of pages in its virtual address space. Task 3 Explain the purpose and functions of the system busses of a computer: Explain how the internal subsystems are linked through buses and where these buses could be found inside a computer. The computer internal subsystems are connect to the busses through wire inside the computer and the data transfer throw these from one part to the another part of computer. Busses connect the entire computer component with the main memory and processor. Explain the functions of control, data, and address busses. What is bus width and what is the effect of the bus width on the bus performance? The architecture of buses is a wire inside a computer which data is transfer from one part to another part inside the computer, the purpose of buses is to connect the entire computer component to the processor and to the central memory. Busses are dividing into two parts the Data busses and Address busses. The function of data busses is to transfer the data and the function of address busses is to give direction to data where to go. Bus width is a canal that information is flowing; when the bus width is wider it is beneficial for busses because more information can flow in more speedy time. What is a motherboard chip set? With use of a diagram, explain what is the role and characteristics of the North and South Bridge of a motherboard. It is a specific chip in a computer that calls motherboard chipset. The Northbridge is core logical in a computer motherboard and its role is to hold communication with RAM, BIOS ROM, PCI and CPU. The South Bridge job is to manage the basic of input/output These include all hard drive and expansion slots, USB, FireWire, RAID, audio codes, real-time system clock, system power management, interrupt controller, direct memory access (DMA) controller, and non-volatile BIOS memory. Task 4 Describe, with the aid of diagrams, what are the components and the structure of CPU and how CPU works: What is the CPU of a modern computer and what are the CPU components? The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer that gives function to a computer programme. Every time when CPU doing a job there is a stored code in the computers memory that instructs the CPU what to do. CPU needs to decode the instruction code to find what it needs to do finish the task. After the CPU solve the code, the CPU will start to perform calculation and the result whether it store the result back in memory, to hard drive, or the computer display. The way that we can understand how powerful a process is by the number of instruction that a CPU can execute per second. The CPU components are: Logic or Arithmetic unit (ALU) it performs calculations, there are four types of function that ALU do and it depends on these to perform and they are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division even registering and instruction. Register or the memory which stores the data, it tell CPU where the information is located, also its a temporary storage areas for instructions or data and they are not part of the memory. Register hold and transfer instructions. Register operate faster than a Ram, normally register assess by bit like 32 bits. Control unit which give direction to the data around the CPU by sending control signals and its job is to control the data that executed by the ALU, also the Control Unit keeping communicate with ALU and system memory. Use a diagram to explain the components of CPU CPU Components Diagram Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Registers Control Unit Input Device Secondary Storage Output Device Explain shortly the Fetch Execute Cycle of CPU referring to its components and RAM. Fetch Execute Cycle of CPU it is an order of actions that the central processing unit (CPU) perform to execute each machine code instruction in a program. There are five register in the Fetch Execute Cycle which are: The Instruction Register that hold the solved and executed last instruction. The memory buffer register that use to get data from memory. The memory address registers that to be use when a word is transferred between memory and MBR. The accumulator job is to hold the result of ALU for the time being and the programme counter that hold the address of the next instruction to be fetched from memory.

Essay --

The play The Good Woman of Setzuan was written by Bertolt Brecht. He started writing it in 1938 but it wasn’t completed until 1943. The play begins with a water seller named Wong who is out trying to sell his product. While working, he meets three gods. The gods have been searching the earth for a good person who lives by their guidelines. However, they find only vagrants and sinners. Wong tells them about a prostitute who â€Å"can’t† say no, and is likely to do any good deed asked. Wong introduces the gods to the prositut, Shen Te, and find that she is good. By the fact that Shen Te gave them a play to stay for the night even though it lost her some money. Given that they find Shen Te to be good the gods reward her with money that she uses to buy a tobacco shop.She also allows homeless families to live in the shop. Her kindness is impressive to the gods and others, but her shop quickly becomes overcrowded, messy, and low on money. Then one day Shen Te’s mysterious cousin, Shui Ta shows up. Shui Ta kicks out the people living in the shop and returns it back into a profit-earning business. However, the audience is aware that Shui Ta is really Shen Te in a mask. Eventually Shen Te returns and continues her her good deeds. As time progresses, word of the â€Å"good woman of setzuan† spreads and more people come to the tobacco shop looking for help. As more people demand Shen Te’s charity, Shui Ta shows up more and more often. Shui Ta starts coming around so frequently that he is able to grow the business into a large tobacco shop with many employees. Shui Ta is not the only man trying to help Shen Te. Shen Te meets a pilot named Yang Sun. Shen Te like him but her friends do not. They would rather she date the local baker who... ...nkrupt and Shen Te would be unable to help anyone. At the same time, if Shui Ta grows the business larger, Shen Te would be able to help even more people. This is evident as the story progresses. As more people come to Shen Te for help, Shui Ta appears more often to create a larger shop. This is because a larger shop means helping more people. During one of the meetings between Wong and the gods, they discuss the rules put into place. The gods almost admit that they’re system isn’t perfect, but they do admit that it is difficult to manage. At the end of the trial, the gods finally sympathize with the bad moralities needed in this world by allowing Shui Ta to exist part time. This brings out the deeper questions in life like â€Å"why are we here?† and â€Å"who are we?†. At first glance, this story seems a little silly and farfetched, but upon deeper analysis we see the moral

Dissertation Methodology †Impact of Technology on Recruitment

Dissertation examples – Dissertation Methodology – FREE our site ESSAYS The following article is a sample dissertation methodology on the following dissertation topic: Impact of Technology on Recruitment in UK Retail Banks.A case study of Lloyds Banking Group:The methodology depicts a mixed method research, using quantitative surveys and semi structured interviews. Based on Saunder’s Research Onion.a. Research Philosophy – Dissertation ExamplesThe social world of banks and graduates upon which this study is based exists externally and are not related to the researcher; therefore they would be measured through objective methods rather than being inferred subjectively through reflection, sensation or intuition (Easterby-Smith, 2002). This study would therefore adopt a positivist approach as credible data could only be derived through quantitative analysis of phenomena observed (Saunders et al, 2007). The social interpretivism philosophy, which aims to study and reflect on the inner feelings of participants, is not being utilized in this study, due to the study’s research objective, which is to ascertain the effectiveness of online recruitment in an organization. Details regarding effectiveness are measured using objective means (such as increase in candidate application and reduction in costs), thereby warranting a positivis t approach.b. Research approachDue to the positivist nature of the research, this study would adopt a deductive approach (Saunders et al, 2007). This approach represents the most common view of the relationship between theory and research and results gotten from this approach are developed through logical reasoning (Bryman and Bell, 2007). The data findings would be compared against existing literature to ascertain if they concur with what has already been published in the field of online recruitment.c. AccessThe ability to gather primary data during this study was dependent on gaining access to an appropriate source within the organization. The level to which this source is appropriate relies on the research question, related objectives and research designs (Saunders et al, 2007). Therefore, the researcher, as a friend of an employee within the organization, was in a favorable position to get access within the organization. I contacted a friend of mine who currently works within graduate recruitment at Lloyds TSB, and discussed the prospects of my dissertation. She spoke to several of her colleagues on my behalf and they agreed for me to conduct telephone interviews with 4 members of the graduate recruitment team, some of which had been there for an average of 5 – 10 years (reasons expatiated further in this chapter). Due to the non-intrusive nature of my research, there were no objections or limitations raised by the participants with regards to the questions asked or the purpose of the study.d. Research StrategyThis study would adopt a case study strategy in answering the research question. Robson (2002) asserts that the case study strategy would be useful if the aim of the study is to gain a rich understanding of the research perspective and the process being endorsed. Therefore as this study aims to understand the recruitment process within Lloyds TSB and also any benefits associated with onl ine recruitment, a case study would be most effective. Two separate yet parallel approaches would be utilized in this study, and are outlined in the table 1 below. Table 1: Research Strategy STRATEGYAIMSAMPLETYPE OF QUESTIONSMETHOD OF ANALYSIS 1. Quantitative questionnaireQuantify graduates’ perception of what constitutes an effective recruitment platform10 graduates who have applied to one or more organizations through their online system.Closed rating scale questions, and nominal data.Descriptive analysis (bar chart, pie chart and line charts). 2. Qualitative semi-structured interviewsThis was done in order to ascertain the benefits associated with online recruitment.4 members of the recruitment staff within Lloyds TSB, who have been in the organization for more than 5 yearsStructured questionnaires. Open questionsContent analysisi. Quantitative QuestionnaireQuantitative methods are mainly used in the data collection process of research. It involves data that is either in the form of, or expressed as numbers (Easterby-Smith et al, 2008). The quantitative questionnaires were handed out to 10 graduates and undergraduates. The questionnaire was mainly designed wi th rating scale questions, where respondents were asked to state their opinion or preference for a particular question on a scale of 1 – 5. Secondary nominal data was also included in order to ascertain the respondent’s status, application activity and preference. The quantitative questionnaire distributed to respondents is outlined in appendix. Quantitative questionnaires are useful as the results derived are quantifiable and measurable against other variables in an objective manner (Saunders et al, 2007). ii. Qualitative Semi Structured InterviewsFollowing the access grant to four members of the recruitment team within the organization, 15 – 20 minute qualitative telephone interviews were carried out. A semi-structured interview is a qualitative interview that is defined by a pre-set question guide. It aims to provide in-depth findings through informal discussions with participants (Collis and Hussey, 2003). This interview method was chosen over unstructured or structured interviews, because this study intends to answer the research questions by asking specific questions, but not so much (unstructured) that it generates useless data, and not so less (structured) so as not to miss out on any unanticipated information. The interview questions in the semi-structured interview are in appendix. The themes utilized in this study were derived mainly from the literature review and were crucial in developing the questions that were raised during the study. The semi-structured approach also provided the researcher with the ability to probe answers. Answer probing was particularly useful in responses whereby more explanation was needed in order to fully understand the answers. Due to the recent adaptation of online recruitment, the semi structured interviews was targeted at members of the team who had witnessed or orchestrated the shift towards online recruitment, that way these respondents would be better able to answer questions that relate to the comparison of both methods. Also, members of the online recruitment team being interviewed had different positions within recruitment and handled separate tasks. The questionnaires were given to them beforehand, when the approval was first sought, and each respondent chose the questions that they were more qualified to respond to. Therefore the research was such that all respondents answered some questions, while some others were answered by a particular individual because of their knowledge of that process. Table 2 outlines the respondent details and their interview theme. Table 2: Interview Respondents and Questions asked RespondentFictionalNameRoleYears in LloydsSubjects Covered R1AliceGraduate Events Manager2Effectiveness, Disadvantages R2MarthaApplication Review7Background, Adoption, Effectiveness, Disadvantages R3NickFinance and Budgeting9Adoption, Effectiveness, Efficiency R4ChloeMedia Advertisement3Effectiveness, Advertisement Each respondent were asked for their consent to interview, prior to the interview sessions, and also requested not to have their names mentioned so as to prevent any form of organizational backlash if the contents of the study were interpreted in any other non-academic form, and distributed. They have therefore been given fictional names, so as to make the research more readable.e. Data Collectioni. Sampling MethodBased on the research objectives and the issues to be investigated, it would have been most appropriate if all recruitment staffs within the organization were interviewed. However, due to the time constraints and resource limitations inherent in this study, a non-probability sample of the population was selected. Saunders et al (2007) asserts that a non-probability sample is most often used when adopting a case study strategy. A non-probability sample, as described by (Oppenheim, 2000), is a sample in which the probability of each case being selected from the total populat ion is not known. The samples of graduates that were chosen to partake in the quantitative study are too small to constitute a probability sample of graduates within London or UK. Also, the number of employees within Lloyds who took part in the qualitative study was not high enough to constitute a significant portion of the recruitment department within Lloyds TSB. Therefore the study focused more on the quantitative facts of the perception of recruitment within the organization, as opposed to theories expressed in the literature review, and what graduates on the outside thought of online recruitment. ii. Primary Data CollectionIn collecting data that could be analysed using quantitative means, Easterby-Smith et al (2008) claims that researchers could collect either primary or secondary data. He further claims that though each of these means have their merits and demerits, the collection of one’s own data gives control over the structure of the sample and the data obtained from each respondent . It also gives greater confidence that the data collected would match the research objectives. The researcher therefore chose to collect primary data from 20 graduates using questionnaires distributed-in-person to each respondent. This was done amongst friends and colleagues within the university who have utilized online recruitment systems. Data from the semi-structured interviews would be collected using a tape recorder, and the conversations with all four employees would be transcribed word for word, and expression for expression. The advantages inherent in this approach is that it allows the researcher to document and see patterns in words and emotions that would not be available if other forms of interviews were conducted.f. Analysis of Research Findingsi. Quantitative DataThe quantitative data collected during the course of this study, whilst still in its raw form, is described by Saunders et al (2007) as being useless and conveying little information to most people. Univariates, which are total sample distributions of one variable at a time (Oppenheim, 2005) was utili sed in analysing the frequency and percentage occurrence of each variable; including both ordinal and nominal, category and rating scale questions. However an indepth correlation or bivariate analysis was not conducted due to the low number of graduate respondents, and also due to the fact that the study was mainly concerned with the viewpoint of the organization, and not necessarily that of the graduates. Results would be analysed using Excel and graphs would be drawn out to analyse all data with the aim of comparing them to the qualitative study. ii. Qualitative DataYin (2002) suggests that in studies whereby the research question has been formulated based on the literature review; these theories that have been used in the postulation of the research question could also be used in analyzing the findings. Thereby suggesting that a deductive approach to data analysis would be essential for theoretical driven studies. Based on these arguments, this study analyzed the qualitative findings using deductive methods. The findings from each respondent and questionnaire theme were analyzed according to the literature review topics discussed. In the instance whereby different respondents had something to say about a particular issue, all their opinions were recorded and taking into consideration in the analysis of findings. A fact sheet of all findings according to the theory is illustrated in chapter 4. Full transcripts of the interview are in the appendix. The pattern matching procedure, as postulated by Saunders et al, (2007), would be utilized in this deductive analysis. It involves predicting a pattern of outcomes based on theoretical propositions. These propositions are thereby analyzed in the data analysis process. This procedure involves the development of an analytical framework, utilizing existing theory, and then testing the adequacies of the framework as a means of explaining the findings (Saunders et al, 2007). In the instance where a pattern is found as initially predicted, it would be evidence that suggests that there is indeed an explanation for findings.g. EthicsBlumberg, et al (2005) describes ethics as referring to the appropriateness of one’s behaviour in relation to the rights of those who become the subject of a research project. A number of ethical issues have been identified and raised with respect to this study. The issues, and steps taken to alleviate such issues are discussed below: The company may be secretive about some aspects of its online recruitment, such as the quantity of graduates and marketing techniques to attract graduates, which it may not like its competitors to know about. Employees responding to semi structured interviews may not be so willing to discuss their personal opinion of the bank’s recruitment system, or the quality of graduates received through their channels, in case their response does not really conform to the brand and reputation that the organization is trying to build (for instance, the bank may pose as an equal opportunity organization that employs from diverse backgrounds, whereas they mostly only recruit students from top Oxbridge universities with a certain background). Information such as this could pose difficulties if the bank eventually decides to broaden its pool of candidates and employ people from varying backgrounds. Apart from these ethical considerations, no other ethical dilemmas have been found with relation to this essay. Therefore, in order to alleviate these issues, the questionnaire and interviews would be designed in such a way that it does not offend, harm, provoke or stress any of the participants in any way. Questions asked would be non-instrusive as no personal information about names; age or post would be requested. Information about specific applicant quality and demographics of applicants’ recruitment would not be sought. Also, in terms of graduate questionnaires that have been distributed, some candidates may think that answering these questions and including personal details may impede or even benefit them when applying to said organizations. Therefore the questionnaires would fully state that it is an academic research and in no way constitutes a study conducted by the organization.h. LimitationsThe major limitation of this research would be gaining access to graduates who have gone through online recruitment systems and applied specifically to Lloyds TSB. Graduates that have applied to the bank are diverse both in culture and geography. Therefore this study would be limited in not being able to survey a probability sample of graduates who have either used online recruitment or specifically applied to Lloyds TSB in the past. The willingness and capacity of staff to answer questions with relation to graduate recruitment is also impeded. Some staff may not be willing to discuss sensitive issues such as their views, some may be unwilling to discuss online recruitment in any capacity to an external researcher such as myself, while some may not have the relevant experience required to answer most of the questions raised in this study. Therefore the list of participants has been limited to 4, which in no way represents a probability sample of the recruitment workforce within the organization. There is also a secondary limitation with regards to the experience of those staff that participate in the interviews. The ideal participants would typically have been working in recruitment for over 10 years, and would have witnessed and participated in the transition from traditional to online recruitment within the organization. However, only two of the participants answering this questionnaire are ‘ideal candidates’, the other 2 have been working within recruitment over the past 2 – 3 years and were in no capacity to discuss the transition between traditional and online recruitment. However, their views were still helpful and contributed significantly to the findings of this study. This study did not incorporate recent events such as the merger between Lloyds TSB and HBOS. It also did not include the recent government bailout and financial crisis affecting most UK financial institutions. This information could have impacted on the quality of graduate applications that the organization received within the past 3 years, and could pose a shortfall in the information gathered. However, including this information would have extended the limits of the study, beyond the word count and capacity currently accepted.

George Washinton essays

George Washinton essays The Success Of George Washingtons Administration George Washington was the first President of the United States, tackling a difficult job in putting the countrys government together. Washington was very successful in running the country, setting a precedent for the future presidents of the United States. He helped to organize the country into a nation with a powerful and organized government that supplied the laws and enforcements that the country needed to survive. He also remained neutral in foreign affairs that may have led to the demise of the young and weak United States if a side had been chosen. The people of the United States had a generally good picture of Washington as a successful President. After he served two terms, he was urged to run a third time, but he declined. Washington filled in the holes left in the Constitution by passing the Bill of Rights, the Judiciary Act, and the Mint Act. The United States became more unified, developing a national currency, a strong central government, and a judicial branch that prevents corruption by having higher courts to appeal to. Washington kept the trust of the people, touring the Northeast in 1789 and the South in 1791. He appealed to the wants and needs of the citizens, moving the capital of the nation to the District of Columbia in 1793 to please the Southerners. Washington ordered troops to stop the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794, proving to the nation that the government had more power than during the time of the Articles of Confederation. Even following his presidency, he set a standard for what he viewed to be a good go vernment in his Farewell Address. He urged his countrymen to steer clear of political parties and to remain neutral in times of foreign wars and conflicts. Washington succeeded in protecting the country from outside conflicts and dangers during his presidency. Although many disagreed with his foreign policies, he insisted on being ...

Freedom of Information Act Essays

Freedom of Information Act Essays Freedom of Information Act Essay Freedom of Information Act Essay Freedom of Information Act Name: Course: Institution: : Instructor: Date: Freedom of Information Act The Freedom of Information Act was initiated by President Lyndon Johnson in 1966. He saw the need of transparency and implemented the Act in 1967 (Moore, 2005). This Act ensures the public has access to information it deserves to know. The government has the responsibility of disclosing its records to the public if they request to access them. In cases where the government withholds information, the intention of withholding the information should be justified to the public (Moore, 2005). The article discusses some of the secrets that the public needs to know about the Bush administration. The secret documents that people want to be publicized include documents containing information about what treasury did with money that was allocated for people who had lost their assets. The public also wants to know why the government allowed the torture of innocent Americans during interrogations claiming that it was in the best interests of the country. This kind of information is very important so that the public understands how the government operates to avoid friction with public offices. Information about hurricane Katrina should also be made public. People want to know what plans the government is making to avoid similar situations. When Katrina struck, the whole country was caught oblivious and measures to save lives and property were hurried. Since people do not want the same to happen again, they want the government to keep them in the loop about its preparations and procedures about handling disasters of any kind. Since president Obama got into office, there have been numerous letters requesting that he releases to the public documents from the bush administration. These documents are believed to contain information that is considered highly enigmatic. Those who worked for the bush administration claim that the documents could not be released then because they were â€Å"internal memos and also contained information about trade secrets† (Nation, 2009). Members of the public found this hard to believe since even Congress had not seen those documents. There is mounting pressure on the Obama administration to order for the release of these documents by various humanitarian groups. These groups believe that the profanity of these documents warrants their instantaneous release to the public because the public deserves to know. Obama is said to be defending the bush administration and all their discretions. This, even after white house lawyers admitted to discovering emails that had been accounted for as destroyed. As president, Obama could order the release of those emails. However, the justice system continues to protect the bush administration making it harder to gain access to these documents. One of the activist groups wants to know why names of the visitors to the white house are kept secret. This group believes that the public has every right to know the names of those who visited the white house during the bush era regardless of the purposes of their visits. The group’s efforts to get that list o names has proved futile as the vice president ordered the secret service not to release the list under any circumstances. Obama can make this list public; all he needs to do is give the order. The justice department also needs to disclose how cases used to be handled and how they are being handled presently. Its policies also need to be made known to the public. The Obama memoranda advocates for absolute transparency between government and the people. In his efforts to demonstrate this transparency, he should release emails from the bush administration and emails and documentation from his administration. These measures are of the essence if president Obama wants to be re-elected back into office. Reference March Issue. The Nation. (2009) Retrieved from: thenation.com/doc/20090316/wiener Moore, A. D. (2005). Information ethics: Privacy, property, and power. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Safety Program Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Safety Program Management - Essay Example This program is set out to direct improvements about specific regulatory policies on accident prevention, accident mitigation and aviation monitoring and modeling to make, as Rugg (2010) has emphasized, â€Å"an already safe air transportation system even safer.† Other agencies such as the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) are a program initiated by the government for the same purpose as well. In connection, this paper will focus on the aspect of accident prevention and its importance to the implementation of the aviation safety program created by the agencies mentioned above; and to employ certain development in which consideration of the past, present and future changes is needed. To do so, a portion will be spared for the review of the history of aviation travels, and the accidents connected to it, and also point out the desired aviation safety policies needed to assist in reaching the visions as stated. One of the earliest concepts of air travelling was designed by the Montgolfier brothers in the late 18th century as they saw the possibility of navigating the air (Turner, 1931, p. 170). A few experimentation and months later, a huge balloon was flown using hot air. The balloon, called the Montgolfier balloon, later had carried a maximum of seven passengers into the sky; and gathered both positive and negative feedback from the public (â€Å"World Aviation in 1783,† n.d.). After more than two decades, Sir George Cayley, known as the â€Å"Father of Aerial Navigation,† discussed the basic yet very significant principles used in flying things in an article titled â€Å"On Aerial Navigation† (Berliner, 1997, pp. 54-55); and also started to use his own ideas in the experimentations about flying he did in the years later. By the early 20th century, according to Andrews (2009), aviation travel experimenters

Engineering Ethics Henrys Daughters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering Ethics Henrys Daughters - Essay Example This also forms part of the engineering ethics. This paper will seek to explore the meaning of proprietary information and issue an example which it will elaborate. It will also explore and thereby give reason as to whether it was appropriate for Henry and his daughters to work on the same project for different parties. It will then elaborate whether there are ethical limits to what the sisters can share with each other about their work. Finally, it will seek to answer whether Senator Bob should have rescued himself from the investigative committee and whatever else he could have done differently as a member of the committee. Proprietary information is sensitive information which a corporation possesses and often uses it to gain advantage in the competitive market. It entails highly classified information which it limits accessibility from its contents. Proprietary information can as well be called trade secret. Property information is vital for the success of most business entities, especially in the current competitive worldwide markets where many business administrators identify that the intellectual resources of business are vastly sought- after items. Policies of business entities may prohibit their managers, workers and agents from revealing or exercising classified or proprietary information beyond the precincts of the business entity or for individual benefit, during or after service, without the appropriate written business approval to do so. Generally, a business entity has to categorize information as proprietary for it to be regarded as classified. Proprietary information may comprise confidential formulas, procedure and techniques used in manufacturing. It can as well comprise a companys trade and marketing strategies, remuneration structure, client directories, contracts and particulars of its computer structures. In some instances, the exceptional information

Roman Aristotle in Philosophia Togata Research Paper

Roman Aristotle in Philosophia Togata - Research Paper Example Barnes is of the view that he was not only a genius beyond all measure but a considerate soul, fervently devoted to his friends and passionately interested in the enhancement of human knowledge in all its forms (8). Consequently, all remarkable universities, research and knowledge centers, and libraries of Asian, European and African countries keep the intellectual works of this brilliant personality as the most influential ancient treaties in order to take advantage of the outstanding wisdom and exceptional foresight attributed to this distinguished philosopher. Although there are no exact records of the births and deaths of ancient personalities, yet Aristotle’s notes transferred to his sculpture demonstrate that he was born in 384 B.C. in Stagira, a little city of Chalcidice peninsula. Keltz is of the opinion that the record and description about Aristotle’s birth year are sought from the Roman copy of an original Greek sculpture made by the famous court sculptor of the era called Lysippos (c. 330 BC). Consequently, he is rightly viewed as the contemporary of Demosthenes (13). Aristotle’s biographical records also declare Aristotle as the member of an educated and respected Macedonia family, as his father Nicomachus had been serving as the personal physician of the Macedonian King Amyntas, the grandfather of distinguished world-conqueror and king Alexander the Great, which manifestly reveals that Aristotle’s ancestors were highly qualified and reputable citizens of their times, though no one could reach the height of fame and popularity Aristotle has been blessed with both intellectually and financially. Aristotle received his early education under the supervision of his illustrious mentor Plato, as he was sent to Athens to seek knowledge and wisdom at Plato’s Academy by 367 BC. Thus, Aristotle’s uncle, who was his patron and guardian as well after the demise of Aristotle’s father when the child was very young , paid due heed to the upbringing and socialization of the budding genius (Thomas & Thomas, 22). He spent nearly two decades at Academy and went through all the patterns of coaching introduced and applied by Plato for training and educating his pupils. Although he used to differ to Plato’s viewpoints frequently, the brilliant Aristotle was one of the most favorite students of Plato, and was expected to take the place of his mentor after the latter death; somehow, conspiracies and intrigues prevailing at the Academy did not allow him to win the position of the Academy President. Since the Academy’s trustees looked for controlling the affairs of the educational set up through a native Athenian, Aristotle had no other option than leaving Athens forever by 346 BC for better career and research prospects. It was the time when his close associate Hermias had been appointed the Lord of Asia Minor; he sought Aristotle’s services in order to seek guidelines from his phil osophical thoughtfulness in order to administer the political and social affairs in the light of intellectual wisdom and foresight (Taylor, 1955). Aristotle rendered his valuable services at the court but had to leave the area in the wake of Hermias’s murder at the hands of the Persian forces.  

Criminal profiling and the types of crime Essay Example for Free

Criminal profiling and the types of crime Essay Crime Murder is the unlawful taking of human life It is a behavioral act that terminates life in the context of power, personal gain, brutality, and sometimes sexuality. Murder is a subcategory of homicide, which also includes lawful taking of human life, such as, manslaughter, deaths resulting from criminal and non- criminal negligence, and unpremeditated vehicular deaths (Megargee, 1982) With murder there are murders who sometimes go on for months without being caught for the murders they have done. But eventually, the murder catches on to them through the behavior of the murder. Behavior reflects the personality, everything observed at a crime scene tells a story and reflects something about the unknown subject who committed the crime. (Ressler, Burgess, Douglas, 1988) Modus operandi and victimology are very important factors in an investigation. These terms could link a murder to different scenes of crime that they committed that they are not yet charged with.   Modus operandi is the method of procedure or a method of operation that suggests the work of one crime to other crimes. Victimology is the study of victims of crime. The offender often leaves signatures (something repeated at each crime, like slashes in the throat and a bullet between the eyes) which can point a profiler at the offenders personality. Criminal Profiling Do you ever wonder what criminal profilers do? Criminal filer is a job that is different from other jobs people have. â€Å"Criminal profiling is defined and described as a technique whereby the probable characteristics of a criminal offender or offenders are predicted based on the behaviors exhibited in the commission of a crime.† (Kocsis 2006, p. 1) Due to a various amount of crime shows and social media criminal profiling meaning is often misinterpreted and the job is mixed up. Criminal profiler often examines the work a murder does and figures out their personality through crime. There are many different kinds of murderers and types of murders ranging from mass homicide, rape, computer crimes, etc. Homicide. Homicide can be classified by the number of victims, style, and type of homicide. One person is defined as a signal homicide, two victims killed in the same location around the same time is a double homicide and lastly, a triple homicide is three victims killed in the same location around the same time. Unlike homicide mass murders have â€Å"two subcategories of mass murder: classic mass murder and family mass murder. A   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   classic mass murder involves one person operating in one location at one period of time,   Ã‚   which could be minutes or hours or even daysThe second type of mass murder is family mass murder. If four or more family members are killed and the perpetrator takes his own life, it is classified as a mass murder-suicide. Without the suicide and with four or more victims, the murder is classified as a family mass murder.† (Ressler, Burgess, Douglas,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1988) Usually, someone that commits a mass murder is a mentally il l individual whos problems have increased to the point where they act to groups of people who are unrelated to the problems. A Spree murder is a single event with more than one location and no cooling off to think before another murder.   A Serial murder is three or more events in three or more separate locations with a cooling off time. Gang motivated murder is the murder of a group of three or more that sometimes ends in homicide. Arson and Bombing.   Arson is the crime of fire with the intent of harming someone or something. Arson is very hard to investigate due to all the debris, collapsed buildings, and ashes. But when investigating a fire scene you are to find where the fire originated from or started. If the fire does not seem to look like an accident it is a person. Crime scene investigators usually note from arsons that organized arsonist have electronic timing mechanisms, less evidence they were there, and have items to start fires with them. While disorganized crime has the materials with them on hand like cigarettes or lighter fluid, and they leave physical evidence. Aerial bombing is when one attacks a public place where there are to be a lot of people. Rape and Sexual Assault. Rape and sexual assault include criminal offenses in which victims are forced or coerced to participate in sexual activity. Physical violence may or may not be involved. (Ressler, Burgess, Douglas, 1988) Usually victims of rate are put into different categories depending on how old you are. Adults; at least eighteen years old and have the exception for mentally ill, brain impaired, or psychotic, adolescents; thirteen to seventeen years old who have reached puberty, children; twelve year of younger, lastly elders who are sixty or older. When someone reports a rape case the investigators are to see if it was a situational or preferential sexual motives. Examples of both situational and preferential sexual motives are described below: Situationally motivated sexual assaults are those committed to fulfill sexual and other   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   needs without the elements of the offense being necessary for arousal or gratification (such as raping a woman because she is available and vulnerable). Preferentially motivated sexual assaults are those committed to fulfill sexual and other needs with some elements of the offense being necessary for arousal or gratification (for example, raping a woman because the offender cannot feel aroused or gratified without an unwilling partner). (Ressler, Burgess, Douglas, 1988) Sexual rituals are patterns of behavior or rituals that are hard for the rapist to change. Both preferential and situational sex offenders may have an MO, but the preferential offender is more likely to have a sexual ritual. (Ressler, Burgess, Douglas, 1988) Nonlethal crimes. There are criminal acts that begin as, and sometimes remain, nonlethal crimes. In some of the crimes, such as burglary, threats, and stalking, there may be no physical contact, and the victim is not physically injured. But the victim may fear for their life or the life of loved ones, so it is suggested you report these crimes to police. Communication threats are to cause harm by a threat, terrorist threats are a good example of a communication threat. Direct threats are aimed at a certain person while indirect threats are told in a vague manner. There are also written, letter, and symbolic threats to where something is sent to you or placed on a desk or inside a mailbox. We often hear physical threats a lot, our parents may threaten us by telling us they will take our phones if we do not do good on the test. Stalking is often another form of nonlethal crime, stalking is a form of following. Robbery is taking something that is not there, The element of force differentiates robbery from embezzlement, larceny, and other types of theft. Armed robbery involves the use of a weapon. High- way robbery takes place outside and in a public place. Carjacking is the act of stealing a car from a victim, usually at gunpoint. Bank robbery is the robbing of banks and financial institutions. (Ressler, Burgess, Douglas, 1988) Computer and cybercrime. Not all crimes are going to be involved in person or through a threat some crimes are involved with cyber and computers. Computer crimes are when someone hacks into a computer system and puts malware that messes up and destroys the computers walls so that the person can take over the computer or destroy it. Virus are a good start to this computer crimes, virus are embedded in emails or music that we download illegally that damages the software or hardware on the computer. A worm is a code that damages computer files or slows the computer down, which comes from other programs like emails.   Trojan horses are programs placed on a computer to send and take information and send it to computer user who used the trojan. Cyberstalking is a use of following a target through social media which is typically like stalking. Money laundering is a crime used to make illegal funds appear to be legal. (Ressler, Burgess, Douglas, 1988) Bank Fraud is when money is illegally obtained from on bank account and put into a different bank account. Cybercrime is costing the world $110 billion every year. But according to McAfee Inc. the cost is actually approximately $1 trillion. With all this money being spend on cyber crimes we could be finding new way on how to get rid of cancer or to help stop global warming. Conclusion Crimes come in all different shapes and sizes. Not all crimes need to be homicide or murder they simply can be someone taking over your computer with a virus. Being aware of all these different kinds of crime come in handy. Just remember when committing a crime Modus operandi and victimology are important factors in an investigation and if they don’t find you now they will find you in the future. References Burgess, A., Burgess, A., Ressler, R. (1992). Crime Classification Manuel (Second ed.) (J. Douglas, Ed.). Jossey Bass A Wiley Imprint. Geberth, V.J. (1983). Practical homicide investigation: Tactics, procedures, and forensic techniques. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Hyman, P. (2013). Cybercrime: Its Serious, But Exactly How Serious?. Communications Of The ACM, 56(3), 18-20. doi:10.1145/2428556.2428563 Kocsis, R. N. (2006). Criminal profiling. [electronic resource]: principles and practice. Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press, c2006. Pinizzotto, A. J., Finkel, N. J. (1990). Criminal personality profiling: An outcome and process study. Law And Human Behavior, 14(3), 215-233. doi:10.1007/BF01352750

South Africa: Federal or Unitary?

South Africa: Federal or Unitary? Abgenia Rivoningo Hlophe South African Governing System Introduction The governing system of a country is a crucial component in understanding the manner in which the political sphere functions. This essay will examine the federal and unitary system of government and relate it one to South Africa. In this respect, this essay will focus on the key features of the systems. Notably, this essay aims to prove that the governing system of South Africa, despite having come to existence in 1909 with a constitution that was unitary (Welsh, 1994:243), is federal. However, an inclusion of the unitary system is mandatory for the sake of comparison. Federal and Unitary systems definitions and affirmative argument. Andrew Heywood defines the federal system of governance as a system where power is decentralized, meaning that the central and peripheral levels of government are sovereign (2013:381). He further emphasizes the statement that power is decentralized in a federal state by expanding on the concept of decentralization, reviewing its strengths, as the ability to encourage participation, responsiveness, legitimacy and liberty (Heywood, 2013:383). Adding to this assertion, Kenneth Newton credits the federal system for having many strengths that will make a country successful if it is utilized. He describes the federal system as a way to separate power and encourage consensus within the government (2010:60).Another advantage that he outlines is that the federal system provides the government with an opportunity to address the different needs of people irrespective of geographical location (2010:61). To contrast the federal system, Heywood speaks of the unitary system of government. In this system, power is centralized and there is only sovereignty of power in one authority (2013:385). Additionally, he draws attention to the fact that there are instances where power can be decentralized, which is when there are devolved assemblies (2013:386). Furthermore, the unitary system’s centralization of power has the advantage of having national unity, encouraging uniformity, equality and progress (Heywood, 2013:386). Also adapted from Newton’s dissertation, are the strengths of the unitary system. He writes that unitary systems having central government increases accountability and promotes more organized decision making and fairness (2010:112). With an understanding of the respective systems of government, it places one at an advantage to grasp how a country resembles a particular system, when looking at the key features of the system which follow. Key features associated with South Africa’s governing system. As priory stated, South Africa is a federal system. A federal system has certain characteristics and features which aid in the understanding of what it means for a country to be federal. The features are prescribed as the existence of a written constitution, two relatively autonomous levels of government, a constitutional arbiter and linking institutions (Heywood, 2013:384). Each of these features will be investigated and referred back to the South African context. Firstly, the existence of a written constitution. This is perhaps the most important feature. In any federal system, the constitution must be a formal written document that outlines how government works, the role of each section of government as well as the legislative framework. South Africa has a written constitution which is regarded as the ‘supreme law of the Republic† (South African constitution, 1996:08). Any law that that exists in South Africa must be justified in accordance with the constitution, otherwise it does not have any validity. The presence of a written constitution is vital to the classification of South Africa as a federal system, the constitution forms the foundation of the argument being presented. There are three levels of government namely the national, provincial and local government. Of these levels of government, two levels are â€Å"relatively autonomous† (Heywood, 2013:384). That means that the national and state government each have a certain range of power. In the constitution of South Africa it is clearly stipulated that the spheres of government are distinctive, interdependent, interrelated (South African constitution, 1996:40). It may appear to present a complexity to the initial definition, however when closely reviewed, the constitution says that the spheres are merely interdependent not that they don’t hold separate reins of power. In fact there is further evidence in the constitution to prove the decentralization of power, it states that the different spheres of government have legislative authority (South African Constitution, 1996:44). Indeed, the national and provincial level of government have power, they are only obligated to remain within the borders of the constitution. Also, the fact that all levels of government have a right to be represented in parliament through the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces, shows that there is autonomous power because the procedure to get a law passed, is the same for both national and provincial government. Not only the abovementioned but the fact that each province has a legislature where there is a structure separate from national government and has the power to pass bills that affect the province without having to attain permission from national level. Of course, the bill would have to be constitutional but the fact that it can be implemented by provincial authority shows the decentralization (South African Constitution, 1996:82). Since South Africa places great emphasis on the Head of State, the laws implemented at national level, which are constitutional, are of the greatest authority. Even with that understanding, there are matters which the Head of State cann ot check such as the dispute between two provinces, or to suppress a rebellion or establish a productive impose (Molteno, 1896:40). Comparatively, critics might present the structure of the world’s largest economy and oldest federal system, the United States of America (USA) to dispute the claim made about South Africa being solely federal, on the basis that it does not have separate branches but rather it has levels of government that are interdependent. While that might appear plausible, John McCormick writes about how the USA is a unique federal system because of its set up but even so, there is â€Å"shared power, checked and balanced with one another† (2009:48). Another feature of a federal system is exposed, specifically, the presence of a constitutional arbiter. Heywood tells us that this is the formal undertaking of the constitution which is implemented by the Supreme Court and hereby has the authority to arbiter in the event of a dispute between the national and the provincial government (2013:384). Nowhere is this better outlined than in the South African constitution, the courts are independent and are accountable only to the constitution and the law, no entity can interfere with the courts (1996:84). Although the courts, whether being the high court or a magistrate’s court in a particular province, rule according to national legislation, it should not be mistaken as being under the national government. It complies with the constitution particularly, not with a certain level of government, therefore the provincial government cannot have its own laws in the magistrate’s court. Thereby adhering to its main characteristic of being a federal feature. Another interesting feature of a federal system, is the linking of institutions. An assertion by Heywood will be implored upon to understand this feature. He explains this as an effort to garner cooperation and understanding between the national and provincial government because these are the autonomous levels and the local government adheres to the provincial rule (2013:384). This is done through bicameralism, which in the South African context would be the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces. Kenneth Newton raises an awareness of a weak and strong bicameralism, which means that one house is stronger than the other (2010: 113). Keeping this in mind, the South African parliament is made up of the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces and they both participate in the legislative proceedings, however, there are some issues such as war and peace treaties, army and navy, currency and taxation (Molteno, 1896:118) which are left to national government, where the National Council of Provinces may not vote upon. From that we can say that South Africa has linking of institutions with a â€Å"weak bicameralism† system because the National Assembly is stronger than the National Council of Provinces. While the evidence seems to correlate with the claim that South Africa is a federal system, supporters of unitary systems many present the argument, that South Africa is unitary because the National government has a lot of power vested in it and there is a parliament. However this naysayer’s argument can be countered by David Welsh’s information that when South Africa began to function as a republic in 1909, there was a unitary system in place and the key players of the Inkhata freedom party who proposed federalist policy were attempting to strip the central government of power, which granted the constitution we have today, was a successful attempt (1994:243). This has been mentioned because it explains why South Africa has a parliament. Bearing in mind that South Africa used to be a British colony and as it is a widely recognized fact that, Britain is where the concept of a parliament started. This does not suggest that South Africa is unitary but rather there are remn ants of colonization which proved to be effective and were not eradicated. Conclusion This essay has defined as well examined the key features of a federal system without isolating the unitary system, and further related the features to South Africa. Based on the evidence of the presence of a written constitution, two autonomous levels of government, constitutional arbiter and linking of institution as well as decentralized power in the South African political sphere, it is with concrete knowledge that the initial stance, that South Africa has a federal system of government is found to be correct. Regardless of the presence of a parliament. South Africa evidently has decentralization of power and thus shows all the attributes of a federal system. Bibliography Heywood, A. 2013. Politics. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. McCormick, J. 2009. Comparative Politics in Transition. Indianalopis: Cengage learning. Molteno, P. 1896. A federal South Africa. London: Sampson Law and Marston. Newton, K Van Deth, J. 2010. Foundations of Comparative Politics. South Hampton: Cambridge University Press. South African Government. (1996). South African Government. 9108-96. [Online] Available from www.gov.za/documents/constitution/9108-96.pdf . [Accessed: 03 March 2014]. Welsh, D. 1994. Evaluating federal systems. Cape Town: Jutaco.